Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986.A.Scharff, 'Synthetic dyestuffs for textiles and their fastness to washing', ICOM-CC Preprints Lyon, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999. The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4977.Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996.Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S.Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974., A Dictionary of Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing).The Dictionary of, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigment'.Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004.Analytical strategies for natural dyestuffs in cultural heritage objects - EU-ARTECH European research project.West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. H.Schweppe, "Indigo and Woad", Artists Pigments, Volume 3, E.Indigo is still used to dye jeans, where its fading and uneven coloring have become favorable characteristics. The exposed pigment can fade rapidly in strong sunlight. Indigo is a fine, intense powder which may be used directly as a Pigment in oil, tempera, or watercolor media. Made from anthranilic acid, the synthetic colorant is chemically identical to natural indigo and has almost entirely replaced the natural dyestuff. Synthetic indigo was first produced in 1880 by Adolf von Baeyer. The coloring component, indigotin, is extracted as a colorless glycoside, but turns blue with oxidation. The natural material is collected as a precipitate from a fermented solution of the plant. It was exported to Europe in Roman times but did not become plentiful until sea routes opened up in the 17th century. The use of indigo was first mentioned in Indian manuscripts in the 4th century BCE. A natural dark blue dye obtained from Indigofera tinctoria plants native to India, Java, Peru, and other tropical areas.
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